It seems to be working now, by running the Pipeline locally with PipelineDecorator.run_locally() and running the script using the following command:
PYTHONPATH="fill_in_your_current_dir" python pipeline.py
Cloning this in the UI and enqueueing now also allows remote execution.
Calling the script without the PipelineDecorator.run_locally() i.e. running the pipeline remotely still gives the ModuleNotFoundError: No module named